Author: ТАТЬЯНА

the Bolshoi Theatre

24.04.2012

School7, Salsk

The History of the Bolshoi

The Bolshoi Theatre (Russian: Большой театр, Bol'shoy Teatr, meaning Large, Great or Grand Theatre, also spelled Bolshoy) is a historic theatre in Moscow, Russia, designed by architect Joseph Bové, which holds performances of ballet and opera. The Bolshoi Ballet and Bolshoi Opera are amongst the oldest and most renowned ballet and opera companies in the world. The theatre is the parent company of The Bolshoi Ballet Academy, a world-leading school of ballet.
The main building of the theatre, rebuilt and renovated several times during its history, is a landmark of Moscow and Russia (its iconic neoclassical facade is depicted on the Russian 100-ruble banknote). On 28 October 2011, the Bolshoi was re-opened after an extensive six year renovation costing about 21 billion rubles (about $680 million). The renovation included restoring acoustics to the original quality (which had been lost during the Soviet Era), as well as restoring the original Imperial decor of the Bolshoi.

Important Dates

17 March 1776 — creation of the Bolshoi company, thus laying the foundation of the Bolshoi Theatre
30 December 1780 — opening of the Petrovsky theatre
8 October 1805 — fire and destruction of the building of the Petrovsky theatre
1806 — Theatre granted the status of "Imperial Theatre"
13 April 1808 — opening of New Arbat Imperial Theatre
1812 — fire and destruction of the theatre as a consequence of the French invasion of Moscow
1821—1824 — building of a new theatre, designed by Joseph Bové
6 January 1825 — opening of the Bolshoi (Big) Petrovsky Theatre
1843 — large-scale reconstruction of the theatre from the design by A. Nikitin
11 March 1853 — fire and destruction of the building of the theatre
14 May 1855 — approval of the reconstruction project for the theatre building. The project is undertaken by А. Kavos.
20 August 1856 — opening of the Bolshoi Theatre
16 December 1888 — première of the opera Boris Godunov by Modest Mussorgsky
1895 — capital repairs of the building of the theatre
10 October 1901 — première of the opera The Maid of Pskov (Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov) with Feodor Chaliapin acting as Ivan the Terrible
4 May 1919 — creation of the first symphony concert of the orchestra of the theatre conducted by Sergei Koussevitzky
7 December 1919 — renamed: the State Academic Bolshoi theatre
12 December 1919 — attempt to abolish the Bolshoi theatre
18 February 1921 — opening of Beethoven Hall
1921—1923 - reconstruction of the theatre under auspices of Ivan Rerberg
1935 — Moscow première of Dmitri Shostakovich' opera Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District

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the Bolshoi Theatre

Important Dates

New stage

'The Bolshoi is already dead'

The New Stage of the Bolshoi Theatre was opened on November 29, 2000. A new stage was built to the left of the historic Main Stage of the Bolshoi. Together with auxiliary buildings (a restored 17th century building, two rehearsal halls, and artists' recreation rooms) it became a single theater complex, the Bolshoi Theatre of Russia. The new building is built on a natural hill, where until recently there were blocks of old houses with communal apartments.

Ballet

The Bolshoi has been associated from its beginnings with ballet. Tchaikovsky's ballet Swan Lake premiered at the theatre on 4 March 1877. Other staples of the Bolshoi repertoire include Tchaikovsky's The Sleeping Beauty and The Nutcracker, Adam's Giselle, Prokofiev's Romeo and Juliet, and Khachaturian's Spartacus.

Том 1, выпуск 1

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Opera

The opera company specializes in the classics of Russian opera such as Mussorgsky's Boris Godunov, Glinka's A Life for the Tsar, and Rimsky-Korsakov's The Tsar's Bride, as well as the operas of Tchaikovsky. Many operas by western composers are also performed, especially works of Italian composers such as Rossini, Verdi, and Puccini. Until the mid-1990s, most foreign operas were sung in Russian, but Italian and other languages have been heard more frequently on the Bolshoi stage in recent years.
Some operas, such as Borodin's Prince Igor, include extensive ballet sequences. Many productions, especially of classic Russian opera, are given on a scale of grand spectacle, with dozens of costumed singers and dancers on stage for crowd or festival scenes.

Music directors

Vassily Sinaisky (from 2010)[11]
Leonid Desyatnikov (2009–2010)
Alexander Vedernikov (2001–2009)[12]
Gennady Rozhdestvensky (2000–2001)
Mark Ermler (1998–2000)
Peter Feranec (1995–1998)
Alexander Lazarev (1987–1995)
Yuri Simonov (1970–1985)
Gennady Rozhdestvensky (1965–1970)
Yevgeny Svetlanov (1963–1965)
Alexander Melik-Pashayev (1953–1963)
Nikolai Golovanov (1948 –1953)
Ariy Pazovsky (1943–1948)
Samuil Samosud (1936–1942)

Plisetskaya is a direct link and continuation of the traditions of the Russian ballet.

Done by Verdyan Aram, Tokarev Kirill, form 11 A

School7, Salsk

School7, Salssk

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Maya Plisetskaya